Bullying in Nursing and Horizontal Violence

The Effects the Internet Has on Youth and Adults There are numerous impacts, positive and negative, that the web has on both youth and grown-ups. One of the significant negative impacts that the web has on youth is by a long shot illicit downloading of films, music, and furthermore programming. This has been an issue for the past couple of years. Additionally the web gives simple access to obscene material for the young. Children too don’t proceed to play outside any longer, they simply sit home and play on the PC. Some of the positive impact that the web has nowadays is simple financial access, which makes it extremely advantageous for some individuals. Individuals can likewise do a wide range of shopping through the web. We can shop anyplace from staple goods to hardware. Individuals additionally don’t utilize the post office as much as they used to. Presently the simpler path is to send an email which basically doesn’t cost anything. Correspondence is another positive part of web. Individuals who have families out of nation don't need to utilize significant distance calling any longer. Unlawful downloading has been an issue for a long time. Children don’t go to stores and purchase reduced circles any longer, they download them on destinations like kazza and they put them on clear C.D. which they get at any electronic store. This has caused a significant issue for the record marks. The costs of many record marks have drop drastically in the recent years. For instance Eminems most recent C.D. was accessible path before it was discharged in the stores as a result of unlawful downloading. This made Eminem and the makers to discharge the collection sooner than it was planed on account of sensational cash misfortune that they dreaded. Numerous film organizations are loosing cash too in light of illicit downloading for example, New Line Cinema, twentieth Century Fox, Universal Studios, etc. Films would get more cash-flow if there was no illicit down... Free Essays on Effects Of The Internet Free Essays on Effects Of The Internet The Effects the Internet Has on Youth and Adults There are numerous impacts, positive and negative, that the web has on both youth and grown-ups. One of the significant negative impacts that the web has on youth is by a long shot unlawful downloading of motion pictures, music, and furthermore programming. This has been an issue for the past couple of years. Additionally the web gives simple access to explicit material for the young. Children too don’t proceed to play outside any longer, they simply sit home and play on the PC. Some of the positive impact that the web has nowadays is simple financial access, which makes it extremely helpful for some individuals. Individuals can likewise do a wide range of shopping through the web. We can shop anyplace from food supplies to hardware. Individuals additionally don’t utilize the post office as much as they used to. Presently the simpler path is to send an email which for all intents and purposes doesn’t cost anything. Correspondence is another positive part of web. Individuals who have families out of nation don't need to utilize significant distance calling any longer. Illicit downloading has been an issue for a long time. Children don’t go to stores and purchase minimized plates any longer, they download them on destinations like kazza and they put them on clear C.D. which they get at any electronic store. This has caused a significant issue for the record names. The costs of many record marks have drop significantly in the recent years. For instance Eminems most recent C.D. was accessible path before it was discharged in the stores as a result of unlawful downloading. This made Eminem and the makers to discharge the collection sooner than it was planed due to emotional cash misfortune that they dreaded. Numerous film organizations are loosing cash too due to unlawful downloading for example, New Line Cinema, twentieth Century Fox, Universal Studios, etc. Films would get more cash-flow if there was no illicit down...

How to use social media to promote the business Essay

The most effective method to utilize web-based social networking to advance the business - Essay Example To increase significant data about how web based life will be applied to the advertising procedure of Tazaki Sushi eatery, I remembered an inquiry for the criticism inventory about how the clients got some answers concerning the association. An examination of how contenders were utilizing online networking was additionally directed dependent on their quality in existing internet based life stages. Associations that have effectively utilized internet based life to pull in clients to their administrations have incorporates angles, for example, making fan page on Facebook, Twitting various parts of their tasks to clients, creating sites and making ready Google frameworks that give input on exercises related the association in various online roads. Thus, Tazaki Sushi café ought to Tazaki Sushi eatery receive these measures to have the option to improve its mindfulness which will convert into more clients particularly since the café has a notoriety of offering great administrations. It is suggested that Tazaki Sushi café ought to have standard update of its site as a significant wellspring of data for increasingly current administrations offered by the association. Expanded nearness in online networking ought to likewise be joined by advancements and motivating forces to build the degree of exercises completed in these roads. Tazaki Sushi is a Japanese café situated in Sunset territory in San Francisco. The café has great notoriety by offering excellent assistance and sensible cost to its clients. Typically, rehash clients were a significant wellspring of business for the eatery. In any case, the eatery has not increased a lot of acknowledgment, very few individuals think about the café with the exception of the recurrent clients. Given the expanded rivalry in the zone of genuine customary cooking (Ebster and Guist 42), Tazaki Sushi ought to build up a down to earth answer for the

Concert Report Essay Example for Free

Show Report Essay Proposal articulation: â€Å"This report will essentially talk about how Ludwig van Beethoven coordinated old and new melodic thoughts into his work, accordingly making a capricious yet otherworldly and powerful group of four, in view of the String Quartet No.9 in C, Op. 59, No.3 â€Å"Razumovsky† performed on the concert.† On 22nd Nov, Shanghai Quartet, one of the world’s preeminent chamber groups, performed two melodic works. They are Ludwig van Beethoven’s String Quartet No.9 in C, Op. 59, No.3 â€Å"Razumovsky † and Antonin Dvorak’s Piano Quintet No. 2 of every A, B. 155, Op.82. In this report, I will concentrate on talking about Beethoven’s work. 1Ludwig van Beethoven was a German author and piano player. A critical figure in the progress between the Classical and Romantic time frame in Western workmanship music, he stays one of the most celebrated and persuasive symbol for all arrangers. His most popular arrangements incorporate 9symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string groups of four. 2The String Quartet No.9 in C, Op. 59, No.3 â€Å"Razumovsky† was written in around 1805-1806, when Beethoven was matured 35 and was at the stature of his profitability. It is known as the Razumovsky groups of four since it is authorized by a Russian check of that name, who was the Tzars diplomat in Vienna, a sharp beginner musician and an affirmed music sweetheart. The group of four comprises of the accompanying four developments: 1. Moderately slow and even con moto Allegro vivace (C major) 2. Moderately slow and even con moto semi allegretto (A minor) 3. Menuetto (Grazioso) (C major) 4. Allegro molto (C major) I will concentrate on examining how Beethoven incorporated old and new thoughts into the second, third and last developments The subsequent development carries us to a flighty domain. Beethoven took a stab at something radical and that is a whole Russian development. The colorful kind of this development is sufficiently simple to hear in the increased second interims of the initial violin tune, the successive pizzicato backup of the cello where as though it copies a people instrument, for example, guitar of harp and particularly in the long sections of static congruity. Without a doubt, Beethoven is effective in conjuring up thisâ sense of topographical separation that the development sounds fundamentally the same as the patriot motivation from decades later, by Romantic period arrangers like Dvorak or Borodin or Chaikovsky. In any case, the outrageous tweaks and patient rationale of the tonal return deceive it back to its time and arranger. While the subsequent development gives an unusual inclination and goes for something new during that time, the third development signals the other way. During Beethoven’s center period, he would in general maintain a strategic distance from the Minuet and Trio organization and attempt to utilize the powerful Scherzo in his works; yet here he comes back to the fairly antiquated structure, in a development with a trademark musical thought process in the opening flawlessly traded between instruments. As though to finish the ‘old-fashioned’ mode, the Trios straightforward move character and rising completion tunes in any event, take us back to the universe of early Haydn, who is a Classical Period writer. Everything in this group of four has been an amazement up until now, and the last development is no special case. It is driven by a delicate coda to the third development that closes on a question mark. In any case, at that point, for goodness' sake, we are given the beginning of a conventional fugue, begun by the viola at an irate beat. Again we have a feeling of going between the new and the old. Fugues were at this point an old, learned gadget; yet Beethoven coordinates this one into the most outgoing person and open of states of mind as a presentation of apparent virtuosity for the four soloists. Also, when the four sections have been finished, there are no proper contrasts and Beethoven investigates rather the pompous, musical modes, particularly that colorful festival of a gigantic C-significant space on each of the four instruments. All things considered, Beethoven is so effective in incorporating old melodic thoughts, originating from the Romantic or even the Classical time frame, and his new musings into this group of four. While I tuned in to it, it acts like a time machine, carrying us to go among old and new. No big surprise it is viewed as one the most extraordinary group of four formed by Beethoven.

9 Common Types of Fantasy Characters (With Examples)

9 Common Types of Fantasy Characters (With Examples) 9 Common Types of Fantasy Characters (With Examples) At the point when you consider dream, your brain may float to charmed settings and the otherworldly frameworks that administer them. And keeping in mind that it’s hard not to wonder about the fresh out of the plastic new universes that writers can summon, it’s the individuals and animals that occupy those universes who guarantee readers’ passionate investment.This list covers nine of the most widely recognized sorts of imagination characters. Don’t neglect to investigate the 80+ instances of our preferred dream characters from well known books and motion pictures. From the legend to the guide, these characters are staples of the #fantasy sort 1. The HeroThere is no dream story without a Hero and a mission that necessities undertaking. This is their dreamland, and we’re simply living in it (for a period). While individuals regularly consider Joseph Campbell’s well known Hero’s Journey with regards to dream story structures, the Hero can take a wide range of structures (they can even be a screw-up!), regardless of whether the story takes after Campbell’s model. The Hero may savor their job, as Conan the Barbarian, or they might be a hesitant innovator in the story’s account, as Bilbo Baggins (at first). For sure, the nature of the Hero will to a great extent rely upon the specific subgenre of imagination you're perusing/writing.<dl id=attachment_15794>(image: HBO)Example:Tyrion Lannister is a fascinating character as a result of his dark shades. He is a piece of a group of lowlifess, and out of familial commitment, he spends the initial scarcely any books acting to the greatest advantage of Lannister House. In any case, acting to their greatest advantage frequently requires submitting abhorrent deeds. So while perusers may have the option to relate to Tyrion’s want to secure - and fit in with - his family, they despite everything perceive a significant number of his activities as â€Å"bad.†More Reluctant Villains:Draco Malfoy (the Harry Potter series)Regent (Worm)The Henchman (Coraline)Jeremiah Colt (The Zombie Knight)The Angarak individuals (The Belgariad)Theon Greyjoy (Game of Thrones)Count Dracula (Blood for Dracula) 9 normal kinds of #fantasy characters - and 80 instances of the best What's more, that is a wrap on the nine most basic kinds of imagination character models that you'll experience in each book! In the event that you'd prefer to peruse progressively about the class, look at a portion of the accompanying mystical posts:Best Fantasy Writing Prompts13 Kick-Ass Tips For Writing FantasyA Century of Fantasy: How the Genre's Changed Since the 1920sYou can likewise discover every one of these characters in the accompanying dream books, records politeness of the Reedsy Discovery blog:The 100 Best Fantasy Series of All TimeThe 30 Best YA Fantasy Books for Teens60 Best Fantasy Books of All Time20 Addictive Urban Fantasy BooksThe 12 Best Epic Fantasy Books Like Game of ThronesWho are a portion of your record-breaking most loved dream characters? Tell us in the remarks underneath!

Individual Diversity and Organizational Behavior

Singular Diversity and Organizational Behavior Understanding individual decent variety is a troublesome and testing task. It has prompted numerous looks into, studies, contentions, and discoursed among scholars and intelligent people. Lamentably, an incited definition or comprehension of individual decent variety has not been introduced is as yet warranted.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Individual Diversity and Organizational Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The segment varieties in the workforce, modifications in hierarchical structures, and serious business scene have all added to the component of assorted variety (both characteristic and gained) in the workforce and has made it standard in contemporary associations. This paper is meant to talk about the extent of individual decent variety and how it directly affects the hierarchical conduct by giving various models. Additionally, in the wake of introducing a careful comprehension of decent variety different hierarchical prac tices have been talked about which could assist with upgrading business activities and authoritative conduct. Singular decent variety can be clarified as the uniqueness or the nearness of attributes which are not the same as one another. In any authoritative arrangement, assorted variety is seen at each level from undertakings bunches/junior workers to top managerial staff. It is contended that singular decent variety in any authoritative arrangement influences the results of associations; it diminishes worker turnover and builds the exhibition. Plotting the methodology through which the particular direction of people both in minority and lion's share influences groups’ working and operational result of organizations. This actuates the social character uniqueness and can bring about eithers advantages or drawbacks dependent on the administration of issues (Kinicki, 2008). Now and again people experience issues and difficulties in bunch settings. Correspondence is a significan t part of overseeing assorted variety, which creates negative results if there should be an occurrence of poor correspondence inside associations. People having a place with various societies frequently experience issues of language boundaries and absence of cooperation with their colleagues. A portion of the issues identified with correspondence decent variety remember contrasts for singular points of view, social foundations and getting, information, and assignment levels. Every one of these issues are countered in a broadened association (Tosi Pilati, 2011).Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To manage the issue of decent variety, viable administration is basic. A few people add to innate assorted variety while others have procured decent variety. Factors, for example, age, ethnicity, race, sex and capacities fall under innate decent variety; while then again, ar ea, pay, instruction, position and conjugal statuses fall under gained assorted variety. So as to lessen the issues of correspondence directors and pioneers should hold diverse intuitive meetings for the workforce so they become acquainted with one another and speak with one another. The pioneers ought to straightforwardly convey and sift through issues of individuals, which will expand efficiency and lift employees’ spirit (Kinicki, 2008). It relies upon supervisors and administrators how they handle assorted variety and how they define successful systems, which can yield inspiration out of the decent variety. In pretty much every association, officials and colleagues have various foundation either intrinsic or procured. In any case, singular personalities, which are usually watched, are chiefly from contrasts in race and sexual orientation; while contrasts in physical capacities and assignments add to another type of assorted variety, which is seen everywhere in present ass ociations. The distinctions in foundation and sex help in age of information, thoughts, and better answers for issues, in any case, contrasts in status in the workforce frequently has negative results on colleagues. In such manner, senior representatives should work with the group, and they ought to energize different individuals and treat them similarly to conquer contrasts (Weiss, 2001). Associations at present are getting progressively differing. This is a result of the developing rivalry and globalization. Numerous MNCs, which work across outskirts, employ people, who are socially assorted which creates both innate and procured decent variety. In addition, associations are progressively receiving decent variety in light of its tremendous advantages, which defeat issues. Singular assorted variety offers numerous chances and is extremely helpful for the two workers and associations. Its advantages incorporate expanded efficiency, better understanding and approach towards issues, b etter dynamic, communications, viable advertising and numerous more.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Individual Diversity and Organizational Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It permits organizations to contend in the worldwide market (Kinicki, 2008). Keeping these in see organizations like Microsoft and numerous others are representative profoundly various workforce (Tosi Pilati, 2011). So as to keep away from the deficits of individual assorted variety, chiefs and officials ought to comprehend and deal with decent variety on a more extensive setting. They can cause groups by assembling various people with the goal that they to connect more and offer thoughts. The groups ought to be little with the goal that they can do the subtasks all the more proficiently. Disregarding the generalization, people ought to be permitted to embrace jobs and they ought to be watched and observed by administrators (Weiss, 2001). Another training is the a ssorted variety preparing of workers through which the association can oversee decent variety. Such trainings are directed to build mindfulness among the workforce with respect to contrasts in social foundations, aptitudes and information. In addition, such trainings likewise decline odds of disregarding each other rights based on race, sexual orientation or various foundations or levels (Kinicki, 2008). Along these lines, singular decent variety has more advantages and favorable circumstances which can beat its drawbacks, and unquestionably gives a profitable, potential, and serious edge to the association. The need is to comprehend assorted variety completely and to proficiently oversee it through viable methodologies and procedures so better results, for example, expanded efficiency and sound workplace are ensured. Reference List Kinicki, A. (2008). Authoritative Behavior: Key Concepts, Skills Best Practices. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions. Tosi, H. L., Pilati, M. (2011 ). Overseeing Organizational Behavior: Individuals, Teams, Organization and Management. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.Advertising Searching for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Weiss, J. W. (2001). Authoritative conduct and change: overseeing decent variety, multifaceted elements, and morals. Boston: South-Western College Pub.

Classroom Management for New Substitute Teachers

Classroom Management for New Substitute Teachers Substitute teachers often do not receive any substantial training. A former full-time and current substitute teacher shares her best tips for temporarily managing a classroom. When I was working as a full-time teacher, I dreaded taking days off. If I woke up with a cold, I had to ask myself: is it going to be harder to work through this, or to prep for a substitute? As a teacher, leaving your class to a stranger can be a terrifying prospect, but I never really considered how equally frightening the situation could be for a substitute until becoming one myself. When my husband and I decided to start our family, I transitioned from teaching full-time to subbing because I needed a more flexible schedule. After the exhaustive preparation and training I’d completed to become a teacher, I expected at least a few instructional meetings for substituting, but soon learned that the bulk of my one-hour, online substitute training consisted of explaining that jeans and a t-shirt are not appropriate attire. Suddenly my negative sub experiences were coming into focus. How could these teachers really handle high school students with only “wear slacks” as their guide? From my experience as both a substitute and a teacher, I can tell you that the main hurdle is classroom management â€" not so much what you teach, but how you interact with the class. It can be intimidating approaching this task as a substitute, especially when you don’t have a lot of experience or training, so I have three simple rules of classroom management to help you get started. They “smell” fear; be confident. On my very first day of subbing, I decided to ease myself in. As a teacher, I’d taught Language Arts, so the first class I decided to substitute was Shakespeare. I had taught the play before and led literature discussions more times than I could countâ€"what could possibly go wrong? Unfortunately, despite my qualifications, I was a ball of nerves, thinking to myself, “I’m just a sub.” When the first period began, I nervously dove into a lengthy overview of my teaching experience, mentioning my tenure with senior students and how often I had taught Shakespeare. I practically recited my CV for them before actually saying the phrase, “So I promise I’m not going to be the worst sub ever.” It was a disaster. The usually well-behaved students quickly turned their attention to phones, friends, and the backs of their eyelids. Thanks to my first year of teaching, I knew instinctively what the problem was: students smell fear. If you’re lucky, they’ll just become bored and disengaged, but in the worst cases, it can’t lead to huge behavior problems and even losing complete control of a class. When I got up in that first period, my body language, voice, and rambling introduction all told the kids I was terrified to be there. Students don’t respond well to fear. Why should they be obedient to someone who is clearly not in control of the situation? No matter how nervous you might be, the first and most important task of a sub is to act confident. When you begin class, speak clearly and make eye contact. Make your introduction succinct and to the point; avoid rambling and irrelevant personal information. I’ve found the time it takes me to get from the bell ring to taking roll is directly correlated to student behavior for the rest of class. Keep the students busy, but trust the teacher’s time management. It can be tempting to adjust a teacher’s timetable in fear of extra time. Recently, I substituted for a friend of mine, covering each of his English concurrent enrollment classes. His notes suggested giving only ten minutes for discussion before an in-class essay, but after his first period completed their essays with almost fifteen minutes to spare, I decided to give his second period a few more minutes for discussion. Three students in the second class were unable to finish their essays, and left the class in tears. Despite my observations in first period, my friend knew his students’ needs better than I did, and he had planned his schedule accordingly. If you’re worried about having extra time at the end of the period, it’s always good to have extra activities that you can do with any class. I call it my “bag of tricks.” Find a cool brainteaser that you can have them figure out in small groups. Write a prompt like “Who would win in a fight for world domination: kittens with opposable thumbs or puppies trained in jiu jitsu?” and have a class debate. Teach them “Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes” in another language. It’s also advisable to have both whole-class activities and some that can be completed individually. When students finish a test early, having a brainteaser on the board or a creative writing/drawing prompt can keep the room quiet and controlled while the rest of the students finish. If a teacher doesn’t leave you a lesson plan, whole-class activities can keep the students engaged and prevent behavior problems. Either way, coming prepared with a back of tricks enables you to adjust to surprises without second-guessing the teacher’s plans. Don’t be a wallflower. I recently saw a teacher’s worst nightmare on several students’ camera phones: a substitute teacher propped up against a filing cabinet with a pillow, sound asleep. Hopefully you aren’t packing nap supplies in your workbag, but I know how tempting it can be to relax in the back of the room after getting students started on a self-directed activity. Unfortunately, this relaxation can be the welcome mat for behavior problems. Students are always going to be better behaved when they know there’s a chance they will be observed soon. Walking around the classroom to monitor students’ progress is the simplest solution. Try check-in questions such as: “How is your assignment coming?” “Tell me what you guys came up with for #1,” “How is your group doing?” and “It looks like you haven’t started yet; do you have any questions?” These interactions will have a huge impact on student engagement and behavior. Off-task students will feel motivated to get back to work. Students who were reluctant to come ask you clarification will readily do so. Distracted students will reign in their focus once more. It’s also a great opportunity to build trust and positive relationships, however brief, with the students. Some of my favorite time in the classroom is this chance to talk with students about their work and their related ideas, and it’s the easiest way to bring some levity into your interactions. Humor is the best line of defense for any teacher â€" substitute or full-timeâ€"when it comes to behavior management. When you catch misbehavior early on, it’s easy to deflect and deescalate the situation with jokes. Avoid sarcasm at the students’ expense, but don’t take yourself too seriously. By maintaining this ongoing, positive interaction with students throughout the class, you will prevent most behavior issues before they ever come up. Getting started as a new substitute can be intimidating, but it doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Focus on these basics of classroom management to get you acclimated to interacting with students in a foreign classroom, and you’ll find it’s much easier than you expected. Share your thoughts on this post with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Google+. Author Bio: Allison taught on the collegiate level for three years before spending two years as a high school English teacher. After starting a family earlier this year, she is currently working as a substitute teacher.

Personal Development Nature vs. Nurture in Pudd’nhead Wilson - Literature Essay Samples

It is often debated whether one’s character is instilled at birth, or through the environment in which one is raised. Mark Twain’s novel Pudd’nhead Wilson argues the latter through describing the development of two boys of the same age, Chambers and Tom. A slave woman by the name of Roxy raises both boys, but while she is able to discipline Chambers, her own son, she is forbidden to punish her master’s son, Tom. Thus, as the boys develop into adults throughout the course of the story, it becomes apparent that while race and natural factors may slightly impact one’s development, it is primarily one’s upbringing and environment that determines the quality of one’s adult character. When the boys are infants, Roxy switches them so that her son Chambers grows up as Tom, and Tom as Chambers. The boys both have very light skin and are the same age, so nobody notices the switch, and the true Chambers easily passes as a white Tom. The false Tom is an obnoxious child right from the moment they are switched. He cries constantly, scratching and hitting anyone that comes within his reach. However, rather than reprimand him, Percy Driscoll, Roxys owner and the real Tom’s father, forces Roxy to ignore Toms outbursts and to indulge his every whim. â€Å"He was indulged in all his caprices, howsoever troublesome and exasperating they might be† (Twain 76). In addition to having a doting mother in Roxy, Tom has a personal bodyguard in Chambers. Thus, although Tom is widely disliked among his peers, he is not often heckled because he has the almost constant protection of Chambers. Thus, Tom becomes an adult believing he is capable of getting away with any infraction, and this belief ends up being his downfall. Needing money to pay off gambling debts, Tom accidentally murders his father as he is caught stealing from him. However, as a pair of Italian twins whom Tom despises is brought to trial for the mur der instead of him, Tom grows complacent as he believes that there is no way he can possibly be caught. Tom even goes so far as to mock Pudd’nhead Wilson, the defense attorney for the twins. As Pudd’nhead attempts to throw some light upon the case using his collection of fingerprints, Tom exclaims to him â€Å"Hello, we’ve gone back to the amusements of our days of neglect and obscurity for consolation, have we† (Twain 207)? It is at this point that Tom leaves a fingerprint upon one of Pudd’nhead’s glass strips, leading Pudd’nhead to the revelation that it is Tom’s print upon the handle of the knife used in the murder. This complacent behavior stems directly from Roxy’s permissive parenting during Tom’s upbringing. As Tom has never been punished for a wrongdoing in his life, the idea that he could be caught for the murder does not seem feasible to him, and he spends his time admiring the ingenuity with which he has escaped suspicion in the case. Conditioned by his youth to hide and let others take the fall for his wrongdoings, Tom is shocked when the story he is hiding behind caves in and he is held accountable for his actions for the first time. Chambers’ childhood is starkly different from Tom’s, as he is forced to tolerate Tom’s constant abuse. While Tom is conditioned to believe that he is superior to everyone else, Chambers is beaten into a docile submissiveness. When Tom hits him, rather than fight back, Chambers must meekly bear the hitting, scratching, and cuffing or face punishment from Percy Driscoll, his master: â€Å"He (Percy) told Chambers that under no provocation whatever was he privileged to lift his hand against his little master. Chambers overstepped the line three times, and got three such convincing canings from the man who was his father and didn’t know it that he took Tom’s cruelties in all humility after that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Twain 78). If he were allowed to fight back, Chambers would likely grow into an adult as prone to violence as Tom. However, he learns quickly that violence for any reason other than protection of Tom leads to a beating, so he instead becomes a submissive, docile young man. Roxy’s opposite stance in parenting each boy leads to opposite temperaments in the two as men, thus suggesting environment largely determines the person one becomes. Roxy blames Tom’s misbehavior upon his blackness, because as her son, he is thirty-one parts white and one part Negro. However, Roxy is one sixteenth Negro and although she does several dishonest things throughout the course of the novel, she is driven to do them by necessity, as she is an inherently decent person. When freed by Percy Driscoll, Roxy attempts to earn an honest living working as a chambermaid aboard a steamboat. After eight years she is forced to retire due to rheumatism in her arms, but she retires having earned a reasonable fortune. She wishes to live honestly and independently, not having to answer to any boss or master, or rely upon anyone for anything. â€Å"She would be independent of the human race thenceforth for evermore if hard work and economy could accomplish it† (Twain 100). It is not until her bank crashes and she loses this fortune that she is forced to ask Tom for assistance, which she eventually blackmails him into giving her. While it is often argued that Roxy’s blackmailing Tom shows a similarity between her and her son, as both are extremely manipulative, there is a major difference. Roxy manipulates others because she has nothing and her son, a genuinely bad person, refuses to assist her. Tom, on the other hand, has everything given to him but manipulates and steals from others anyways. Roxy is inherently a decent person, and it is this decency, which proves that Tom’s adult behavior must be the product of his upbringing rather than his motherâ €™s genes, or his â€Å"blackness.† Pudd’nhead Wilson depicts nurture as being the primary developmental force in shaping one’s identity, morals, and actions. Although one’s genes play a role as well, the novel argues that it is primarily the stark contrast between the parenting techniques used upon Tom and Chambers that leads to their extreme dissimilarity as adults. While permissive parenting of Tom molds him into a manipulative adult who is used to having others fix his problems for him, the authoritarian approach used upon Chambers turns him into a docile and obedient adult. Although Roxy claims that it is the blackness from her genes that leads Tom to misbehave, her own decency of character as a black woman shows that this is not the case. Thus, the conclusion gathered from Twain’s novel is that it is nurture, or the environment which one is placed into during development, rather than one’s genes or more importantly oneâ€℠¢s race, that plays the lead role in defining one’s traits as an adult.